Monga kampani yodziwika bwino ku Wenzhou, YUANKY ili ndi mbiri yayitali ya chitukuko komanso unyolo wathunthu wamafakitale. Zogulitsa zathu ndizopikisana kwambiri pamsika, mongaMCB.

MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker, small circuit breaker) ndi imodzi mwa zipangizo zotetezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makina ogawa magetsi otsika. Ndi zabwino monga kukula kochepa, kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta komanso chitetezo cholondola, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mizere yogawa m'mafakitale, mabizinesi ndi nyumba zapakhomo, ikugwira ntchito zazikulu monga kudzaza ma circuit ndi chitetezo cha ma short-circuit. Zotsatirazi ndi kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane kwa magwiridwe antchito ake kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana monga ntchito zazikulu, makhalidwe aukadaulo, ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito.

I. Ntchito Yoteteza Pakati: Onetsetsani kuti dera lonse likugwira ntchito bwino

Phindu lalikulu la MCB lili mu chitetezo cha mizere yogawa ndi zida zamagetsi. Ntchito yake yoteteza imatheka makamaka kudzera mu njira zolondola zogwirira ntchito, makamaka kuphatikiza mitundu iwiri yotsatirayi ya chitetezo chachikulu:

1. Ntchito yoteteza katundu wambiri

Pamene dera likugwira ntchito bwino, mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala mkati mwa malire oyesedwa. Komabe, ngati pali zida zamagetsi zambiri kapena dera litakhala lodzaza kwa nthawi yayitali, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ili mu mzerewu idzapitirira mtengo woyesedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mawaya azitentha kwambiri. Ngati itadzazidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, ingayambitse kukalamba kwa insulation, ma short circuits komanso ngakhale moto. Chitetezo cha MCB chochulukirachulukira chimapezeka kudzera mu chipangizo chotenthetsera cha bimetallic strip: pamene mphamvu yamagetsi ipitirira mtengo woyesedwa, bimetallic strip imapindika ndikusokonekera chifukwa cha kutentha komwe kumapangidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njira yoyendera igwire ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma circuit breaker atsegule ndikudula dera.

Chitetezo chake chopitirira muyeso chili ndi khalidwe la nthawi yosinthira, kutanthauza kuti, mphamvu yopitirira muyeso ikachuluka, nthawi yogwira ntchito imakhala yochepa. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yogwirira ntchito ikakwana nthawi 1.3 kuposa mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi yogwirira ntchito imatha kukhala maola angapo. Mphamvu yogwirira ntchito ikafika nthawi zisanu ndi chimodzi kuposa mphamvu yogwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi yogwirira ntchito imatha kuchepetsedwa kufika mkati mwa masekondi ochepa. Izi sizimangoletsa kugwedezeka kosafunikira komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kupitirira muyeso kwakanthawi kochepa komanso zimadula mwachangu dera ngati zinthu zitapitirira muyeso kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chitetezo chosinthika komanso chodalirika.

2. Ntchito yoteteza yafupikitsa

Kuzungulira kwafupi ndi chimodzi mwa zolakwika zoopsa kwambiri m'mabwalo, nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa kutenthetsa kwa mawaya kapena zolakwika zamkati mwa zida. Panthawiyi, mphamvu yamagetsi imakwera nthawi yomweyo (mwina kufika nthawi makumi kapena mazana ambiri kuposa mphamvu yamagetsi yoyesedwa), ndipo mphamvu yayikulu yamagetsi ndi kutentha komwe kumapangidwa kumatha kuyatsa mawaya ndi zida nthawi yomweyo, komanso kuyambitsa moto kapena ngozi zamagetsi. Chitetezo cha MCB cha short-circuit chimatheka kudzera mu chipangizo choyendera maginito: pamene short-circuit current imadutsa mu coil ya chipangizo choyendera maginito, mphamvu yamphamvu yamagetsi imapangidwa, zomwe zimakopa armature kuti igwire njira yoyendera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zolumikizira zitseguke mwachangu ndikudula dera.

Nthawi yogwira ntchito yoteteza ma short-circuit ndi yochepa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri mkati mwa masekondi 0.1. Imatha kusiyanitsa mwachangu malo olakwika chisanafike kukula kwa vuto, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa ma short-circuit pa chingwe ndi zida, komanso kuteteza chitetezo cha anthu ndi katundu.

II. Zinthu Zaukadaulo: Zolondola, zokhazikika komanso zodalirika

1. Kuyenda kolondola kwambiri

Ma mtengo oteteza a MCB adapangidwa mosamala ndikuyesedwa kuti atsimikizire kuti ntchito yake ndi yolondola mkati mwa mulingo wamagetsi womwe watchulidwa. Mtengo wokhazikitsa wamagetsi wa chitetezo chake chochulukirapo (monga kusagwira ntchito pa nthawi 1.05 kuposa mphamvu yoyesedwa ndikugwira ntchito mkati mwa nthawi yomwe yavomerezedwa pa nthawi 1.3 kuposa mphamvu yoyesedwa) ndi mphamvu yocheperako yogwiritsira ntchito ya chitetezo chafupikitsa (nthawi zambiri nthawi 5 mpaka 10 kuposa mphamvu yoyesedwa) zonse zimagwirizana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi (monga IEC 60898) ndi miyezo yadziko lonse (monga GB 10963). Panthawi yopanga, MCB iliyonse iyenera kuyesedwa mwamphamvu kuti iwonetsetse kuti cholakwika cha nthawi yogwira ntchito pansi pa mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi chikuwongoleredwa mkati mwa mulingo wololedwa, kupewa "kulephera kugwira ntchito" (osagwedezedwa panthawi ya zolakwika) kapena "ntchito yabodza" (kugwedezedwa panthawi yantchito yanthawi zonse).

2. Nthawi yayitali ya makina ndi magetsi

MCB imafunika kupirira nthawi zambiri ntchito zotseka ndi kutsegula komanso kukhudzidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, motero imakhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri pa moyo wamakina ndi magetsi. Moyo wamakina umatanthauza kuchuluka kwa nthawi zomwe chosokoneza ma circuit chimagwira ntchito popanda mphamvu yamagetsi. Moyo wamakina wa MCB wapamwamba kwambiri ukhoza kufika nthawi zoposa 10,000. Moyo wamagetsi umatanthauza kuchuluka kwa nthawi zomwe imagwira ntchito pansi pa mphamvu yamagetsi yoyesedwa, nthawi zambiri osachepera nthawi 2,000. Zigawo zake zazikulu zamkati (monga zolumikizirana, njira zopunthira, ndi masika) zimapangidwa ndi zipangizo zamphamvu kwambiri (monga zolumikizirana zasiliva ndi zida zoyendetsera phosphor bronze), ndipo kudzera mu njira zolondola zokonzera ndi kuchiza kutentha, kukana kwawo kutopa, kukana dzimbiri, ndi kukana kutopa zimakulitsidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino ngakhale zitagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.

3. Mphamvu yothyola imasinthidwa kuti igwirizane ndi zofunikira pa malo

Kutha kuthyola kumatanthauza mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wamagetsi afupikitsa womwe MCB ingathyole mosamala pansi pa mikhalidwe inayake, ndipo ndicho chizindikiro chachikulu choyezera mphamvu yake yoteteza magetsi afupikitsa. Kutengera ndi zochitika zogwiritsidwa ntchito, kuthekera kwa kuthyola kwa MCB kumatha kugawidwa m'magawo angapo, monga:

Muzochitika za anthu wamba, MCBS yokhala ndi mphamvu zophwanya 6kA kapena 10kA imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, zomwe zimatha kuthana ndi zolakwika za shortcircuit m'nyumba kapena m'malo ang'onoang'ono amalonda.

Muzochitika zamafakitale, ma MCBS okhala ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo zophwanya magetsi (monga 15kA ndi 25kA) amafunika kuti azisinthasintha malinga ndi malo okhala ndi zida zokhuthala komanso mafunde akuluakulu afupikitsa magetsi.

Kuzindikira mphamvu yosweka kumadalira makina oziziritsira arc (monga chipinda chozimitsira arc cha grid). Pa nthawi yosweka kwafupipafupi, arc imalowetsedwa mwachangu mu chipinda chozimitsira arc, ndipo arc imagawidwa m'ma arc angapo afupifupi kudzera m'ma grid achitsulo, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya arc ndikuzimitsa mwachangu arc kuti isawonongeke mkati mwa circuit breaker chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kwa arc.

III. Makhalidwe a Kapangidwe ndi Kugwira Ntchito: Kuchepetsa Kuchuluka kwa Zinthu ndi Kusavuta Kuzigwiritsa Ntchito

Kukula kwake ndi kochepa komanso kosavuta kuyika

MCB imagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka modular, ndi kakang'ono kukula kwake (nthawi zambiri kamakhala ndi ma module wamba monga 18mm kapena 36mm m'lifupi), ndipo imatha kuyikidwa mwachindunji pamizere ya mabokosi ogawa kapena makabati ogawa, zomwe zimasunga malo oyika. Kapangidwe kake kakang'ono kamalola chitetezo chodziyimira pawokha cha ma circuit angapo mkati mwa malo ochepa ogawa magetsi. Mwachitsanzo, m'bokosi logawa lapakhomo, ma MCBS angapo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwongolera ma circuit osiyanasiyana monga magetsi, sockets, ndi air conditioners motsatana, kukwaniritsa chitetezo ndi kasamalidwe kosiyana, komwe ndikosavuta kuzindikira zolakwika ndi kuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

2. Yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito komanso yosavuta kusamalira

Njira yogwirira ntchito ya MCB yapangidwa kuti ikhale yaumunthu. Ntchito zotseka ("ON" position) ndi kutsegula ("OFF") zimachitika kudzera mu chogwirira. Mkhalidwe wa chogwiriracho umawonekera bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiweruzo cha momwe derali lilili. Pambuyo pa TRIP yolakwika, chogwiriracho chidzakhala pamalo apakati ("TRIP" position), zomwe zimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kuzindikira mwachangu dera lolakwika. Mukakonzanso, ingosunthani chogwiriracho pamalo a "OFF" kenako ndikuchikankhira pamalo a "ON". Palibe zida zaukadaulo zomwe zimafunikira ndipo ntchitoyo ndi yosavuta. Pakukonza tsiku ndi tsiku, MCB sikufuna kukonza zolakwika kapena kuwunika kovuta. Imangofunika kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse kuti iwonetsetse kuti mawonekedwe ake ndi abwino komanso kuti ntchitoyo ndi yosalala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zosamalira zikhale zochepa.

3. Kuchita bwino kwambiri poteteza kutentha

Kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo chamagetsi, chivundikiro ndi zigawo zotetezera mkati mwa MCB zimapangidwa ndi zipangizo zotetezera kutentha kwambiri komanso zosatentha kwambiri (monga mapulasitiki oteteza kutentha ndi ABS yoletsa moto), yokhala ndi kukana kwa kutenthetsa kwa ≥100MΩ, yokhoza kupirira mayeso a 2500V AC voltage (osasweka kapena kung'anima mkati mwa mphindi imodzi). Imathabe kusunga magwiridwe antchito abwino a kutenthetsa m'malo ovuta monga chinyezi ndi fumbi, kupewa kutuluka kwa madzi kapena ma circuits afupiafupi a gawo lililonse, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ogwiritsa ntchito ndi zida ali otetezeka.

Iv. Ntchito Zowonjezera ndi Kusinthasintha: Kukwaniritsa Zofunikira Zosiyanasiyana

1. Kusiyanitsa mitundu yochokera

Kuwonjezera pa chitetezo choyambira cha overload ndi short-circuit, MCB imathanso kukwaniritsa zosowa za zochitika zosiyanasiyana kudzera mu expansion functional. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya derivative ndi iyi:

- MCB yokhala ndi chitetezo chotulutsa madzi (RCBO): Imaphatikiza gawo lozindikira kutuluka kwa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito MCB yokhazikika. Kutuluka kwa madzi kukachitika mu dera (mphamvu yotsalira imapitirira 30mA), imatha kugwedezeka mwachangu kuti ipewe ngozi zamagetsi ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo a soketi a m'nyumba.

- MCB yokhala ndi chitetezo cha overvoltage/undervoltage: Imasuntha yokha ngati grid voltage ili yokwera kwambiri kapena yotsika kwambiri kuti iteteze zida zofewa monga mafiriji ndi ma air conditioner kuti zisawonongeke chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa voltage.

- MCB yovomerezeka yosinthika: Sinthani mtengo wamakono wovomerezeka kudzera pa chogwirira, choyenera zochitika zomwe mphamvu yamagetsi iyenera kusinthidwa mosavuta.

2. Kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kwa chilengedwe

MCB imatha kugwira ntchito mokhazikika pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chilengedwe, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa kutentha kwa -5℃ mpaka 40℃ (mitundu yapadera imatha kukulitsidwa mpaka -25℃ mpaka 70℃), yokhala ndi chinyezi cha ≤95% (popanda kuzizira), ndipo imatha kusintha malinga ndi nyengo ya madera osiyanasiyana. Pakadali pano, kapangidwe kake kamkati kali ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi kugwedezeka ndi kugwedezeka, ndipo imatha kugwira ntchito modalirika m'malo opangira mafakitale kapena magalimoto oyendera (monga sitima ndi magalimoto osangalatsa) okhala ndi kugwedezeka pang'ono.

Kusiyana kwa ma circuit breaker ena:

MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker): Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poteteza ma circuit okhala ndi mphamvu yochepa (nthawi zambiri yochepera 100 amperes).

MCCB (Molded Case Circuit Breaker): Imagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza ma circuit okhala ndi ma current apamwamba (nthawi zambiri opitilira 100 amperes) ndipo ndi yoyenera zida zazikulu ndi makina ogawa magetsi.

RCBO (Leakage Circuit Breaker): Imaphatikiza ntchito zoteteza ku mafunde ochulukirapo komanso zoteteza kutayikira kwa madzi, ndipo nthawi imodzi imatha kuteteza mafunde ku kuchuluka kwa madzi, mafunde afupiafupi komanso kutayikira kwa madzi.