1. Kodi choteteza kutayikira kwa madzi n’chiyani?
Yankho: Choteteza kutayikira (switch yoteteza kutayikira) ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chotetezera. Choteteza kutayikira chimayikidwa mu dera lotsika lamagetsi. Kutayikira ndi kugwedezeka kwamagetsi kukachitika, ndipo mphamvu yogwirira ntchito yomwe imachepetsedwa ndi choteteza ikafika, imagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo ndikuzimitsa magetsi mkati mwa nthawi yochepa kuti itetezedwe.
2. Kodi kapangidwe ka choteteza kutayikira kwa madzi ndi kotani?
Yankho: Choteteza kutayikira kwa magetsi chimapangidwa makamaka ndi magawo atatu: chinthu chozindikira, cholumikizira chapakati chokulitsa mphamvu, ndi chogwirira ntchito. ①Chinthu chozindikira. Chili ndi ma transformer a zero-sequence, omwe amazindikira kutayikira kwa magetsi ndikutumiza zizindikiro. ② kukulitsa cholumikiziracho. Kukulitsa chizindikiro chofooka cha kutayikira kwa magetsi ndikupanga choteteza chamagetsi ndi choteteza chamagetsi malinga ndi zida zosiyanasiyana (gawo lokulitsa mphamvu lingagwiritse ntchito zida zamakanika kapena zida zamagetsi). ③ thupi lolamulira. Pambuyo polandira chizindikirocho, switch yayikulu imasinthidwa kuchokera pamalo otsekedwa kupita pamalo otseguka, potero kudula magetsi, omwe ndi gawo logundana kuti dera lotetezedwa lichotsedwe pa gridi yamagetsi.
3. Kodi mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya choteteza kutayikira kwa madzi ndi iti?
Yankho:
①Zida zamagetsi zikatuluka madzi, pamakhala zinthu ziwiri zachilendo:
Choyamba, kukwanira kwa mphamvu ya magawo atatu kumawonongeka, ndipo mphamvu ya zero-sequence imachitika;
Chachiwiri ndi chakuti pali magetsi pansi pa chivundikiro chachitsulo chosachajidwa pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwinobwino (pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwinobwino, chivundikiro chachitsulo ndi nthaka zonse zili pa zero potential).
②Ntchito ya chosinthira mphamvu cha zero-sequence. Choteteza kutayikira kwa mphamvu chimapeza chizindikiro chosazolowereka kudzera mu kuzindikira chosinthira mphamvu, chomwe chimasinthidwa ndikutumizidwa kudzera mu njira yapakati kuti chigwire ntchito, ndipo magetsi amachotsedwa kudzera mu chipangizo chosinthira. Kapangidwe ka chosinthira mphamvu chamagetsi ndi kofanana ndi ka chosinthira mphamvu, chomwe chimakhala ndi ma coil awiri omwe amatetezedwa wina ndi mnzake ndipo amapindika pakati. Pamene chosinthira chachikulu chili ndi mphamvu yotsalira, chosinthira chachiwiri chimayambitsa mphamvu.
③Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya choteteza kutayikira. Choteteza kutayikira chimayikidwa mu mzere, cholumikizira chachikulu chimalumikizidwa ndi mzere wa gridi yamagetsi, ndipo cholumikizira chachiwiri chimalumikizidwa ndi kutulutsidwa mu choteteza kutayikira. Zipangizo zamagetsi zikagwira ntchito bwino, mphamvu yamagetsi mu mzere imakhala yolinganizidwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ma vector amagetsi mu transformer ndi zero (mphamvu yamagetsi ndi vector yokhala ndi njira, monga njira yotulutsira ndi "+", njira yobwerera ndi "-", mu mafunde omwe amapita mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo mu transformer ndi ofanana kukula ndi zosiyana mbali, ndipo zabwino ndi zoyipa zimatsutsana). Popeza palibe mphamvu yotsalira mu coil yoyamba, cholumikizira chachiwiri sichidzayambitsidwa, ndipo chipangizo chosinthira cha choteteza kutayikira chimagwira ntchito motsekedwa. Kutayikira kukachitika pa chivundikiro cha chipangizocho ndipo wina akachikhudza, shunt imapangidwa pamalo olakwika. Mphamvu yamagetsi iyi imakhazikika m'thupi la munthu, padziko lapansi, ndikubwerera kumalo osalowerera a transformer (popanda chosinthira chamagetsi), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chosinthira chiziyenda ndi kutuluka. Mphamvu yamagetsi siili bwino (chiwerengero cha ma vector amagetsi si zero), ndipo coil yoyamba imapanga mphamvu yotsalira. Chifukwa chake, coil yachiwiri idzayambitsidwa, ndipo mtengo wamagetsi ukafika pamtengo wamagetsi wogwiritsidwa ntchito womwe umachepetsedwa ndi choteteza kutayikira, switch yodziyimira yokha idzagwa ndipo mphamvu idzazimitsidwa.

4. Kodi ndi magawo ati aukadaulo a chitetezo cha kutayikira kwa madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito?
Yankho: Magawo akuluakulu a magwiridwe antchito ndi awa: mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito yotuluka, nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito yotuluka, mphamvu yotuluka yosagwira ntchito. Magawo ena ndi awa: mphamvu yothamanga, mphamvu yothamanga, mphamvu yothamanga, ndi zina zotero.
①Mpweya wotuluka woyesedwa Mtengo wamakono wa choteteza kutuluka uyenera kugwira ntchito pansi pa mikhalidwe inayake. Mwachitsanzo, pa choteteza cha 30mA, mtengo wamakono wolowera ukafika pa 30mA, chotetezacho chidzachitapo kanthu kuti chichotse magetsi.
②Nthawi yochitira kutayikira kwa madzi imatanthauza nthawi kuyambira pamene mphamvu yotayikira ya madzi inagwiritsidwa ntchito mwadzidzidzi mpaka dera loteteza litadulidwa. Mwachitsanzo, pa choteteza cha 30mA×0.1s, nthawi kuyambira pamtengo wamagetsi kufika pa 30mA mpaka kulekanitsidwa kwa cholumikizira chachikulu sipitirira 0.1s.
③Pamene mphamvu yotayikira yosagwirizana ndi ntchito imayesedwa, mtengo wamakono wa choteteza kutayikira chosagwirizana ndi ntchito nthawi zambiri uyenera kusankhidwa ngati theka la mtengo wa mphamvu yotayikira. Mwachitsanzo, choteteza kutayikira chokhala ndi mphamvu yotayikira ya 30mA, pamene mtengo wamakono uli pansi pa 15mA, chotetezacho sichiyenera kugwira ntchito, apo ayi zimakhala zosavuta kulephera kugwira ntchito chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwambiri, zomwe zimakhudza magwiridwe antchito abwinobwino a zida zamagetsi.
④Magawo ena monga: mphamvu pafupipafupi, magetsi ovotera, magetsi ovotera, ndi zina zotero, posankha choteteza kutuluka kwa madzi, ziyenera kugwirizana ndi dera ndi zida zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya choteteza kutuluka kwa madzi iyenera kusinthasintha malinga ndi mphamvu yovotera ya gridi yamagetsi. Ngati kusinthaku kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, kudzakhudza magwiridwe antchito abwinobwino a choteteza, makamaka pazinthu zamagetsi. Mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi ikatsika kuposa mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya choteteza, sichidzagwira ntchito. Mphamvu yogwira ntchito yovotera kutuluka kwa madzi iyeneranso kukhala yogwirizana ndi mphamvu yeniyeni mu dera. Ngati mphamvu yeniyeni yogwira ntchito ndi yayikulu kuposa mphamvu yovotera, idzapangitsa kuti chotetezacho chizigwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso ndikupangitsa kuti chotetezacho chizigwira ntchito molakwika.
5. Kodi ntchito yaikulu yoteteza ya choteteza kutayikira kwa madzi ndi iti?
Yankho: Choteteza kutayikira kwa madzi chimapereka chitetezo chokhudzana mwachindunji. Pazifukwa zina, chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chitetezo chowonjezera pakukhudzana mwachindunji kuti chiteteze ngozi zomwe zingaphe anthu chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwamagetsi.
6. Kodi chitetezo cha kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi kukhudzana mwachindunji n'chiyani?
Yankho: Thupi la munthu likakhudza thupi lomwe lakhala ndi magetsi ndipo mphamvu ikudutsa m'thupi la munthu, limatchedwa kugwedezeka kwa magetsi ku thupi la munthu. Malinga ndi chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kwa magetsi m'thupi la munthu, kumatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: kugwedezeka kwa magetsi mwachindunji ndi kugwedezeka kwa magetsi mwachindunji. Kugwedezeka kwa magetsi mwachindunji kumatanthauza kugwedezeka kwa magetsi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha thupi la munthu kukhudza thupi lomwe lakhala ndi magetsi mwachindunji (monga kukhudza mzere wa gawo). Kugwedezeka kwa magetsi mwachindunji kumatanthauza kugwedezeka kwa magetsi komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha thupi la munthu kukhudza kondakitala yachitsulo yomwe siili ndi magetsi nthawi zonse koma imayikidwa pansi pa zovuta (monga kukhudza chivundikiro cha chipangizo chotayikira). Malinga ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana za kugwedezeka kwa magetsi, njira zopewera kugwedezeka kwa magetsi zimagawidwanso m'magulu awiri: chitetezo chokhudzana mwachindunji ndi chitetezo chokhudzana mwachindunji. Pa chitetezo chokhudzana mwachindunji, njira monga kutchinjiriza, chivundikiro choteteza, mpanda, ndi mtunda wotetezeka nthawi zambiri zingagwiritsidwe ntchito; pa chitetezo chokhudzana mwachindunji, njira monga kukhazikika pansi (kulumikiza ku zero), kutseka koteteza, ndi choteteza kutayikira nthawi zambiri zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
7. Kodi ngozi ndi yotani thupi la munthu likagwidwa ndi magetsi?
Yankho: Thupi la munthu likagwidwa ndi magetsi, mphamvu yamagetsi ikalowa m'thupi la munthu, mphamvu yamagetsi ikapitirira, imakhala yoopsa kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa chiopsezo kungagawidwe m'magawo atatu: kuzindikira - kuthawa - kugwedezeka kwa ventricular. ① Gawo la kuzindikira. Chifukwa mphamvu yamagetsi yodutsa ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, thupi la munthu limatha kuyimva (nthawi zambiri yoposa 0.5mA), ndipo siivulaza thupi la munthu panthawiyi; ② Chotsani siteji. Amatanthauza mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wamagetsi (nthawi zambiri woposa 10mA) womwe munthu angachotse pamene electrode ikugwidwa ndi magetsi ndi dzanja. Ngakhale mphamvu yamagetsi iyi ndi yoopsa, imatha kuyichotsa yokha, kotero kwenikweni siimayambitsa ngozi yakupha. Mphamvu yamagetsi ikakwera kufika pamlingo winawake, munthu amene wagwidwa ndi magetsi adzagwira thupi lomwe lakhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi mwamphamvu chifukwa cha kupindika kwa minofu ndi kugwedezeka, ndipo sangathe kuyichotsa yekha. ③ Gawo la kugwedezeka kwa ventricular. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi komanso nthawi yayitali yamagetsi (nthawi zambiri yoposa 50mA ndi 1s), ventricular fibrillation idzachitika, ndipo ngati magetsi sachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo, idzatsogolera ku imfa. Zikuoneka kuti ventricular fibrillation ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha imfa chifukwa cha magetsi. Chifukwa chake, chitetezo cha anthu nthawi zambiri sichimayambitsidwa ndi ventricular fibrillation, monga maziko odziwira makhalidwe a chitetezo cha magetsi.
8. Kodi chitetezo cha “30mA·s” n’chiyani?
Yankho: Kudzera mu zoyeserera zambiri za nyama ndi maphunziro, zawonetsedwa kuti ventricular fibrillation sikuti imangogwirizana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi (I) yomwe imadutsa m'thupi la munthu, komanso imagwirizana ndi nthawi (t) yomwe mphamvu yamagetsi imakhala m'thupi la munthu, ndiko kuti, kuchuluka kwamagetsi kotetezeka Q=I × t kuti mudziwe, nthawi zambiri 50mA s. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mphamvu yamagetsi ikapitirira 50mA ndipo nthawi yamagetsi ili mkati mwa 1s, ventricular fibrillation nthawi zambiri siimachitika. Komabe, ngati ikulamulidwa malinga ndi 50mA·s, pamene nthawi yoyatsira magetsi ndi yochepa kwambiri ndipo mphamvu yodutsa ndi yayikulu (mwachitsanzo, 500mA×0.1s), pali chiopsezo choyambitsa ventricular fibrillation. Ngakhale kuti zosakwana 50mA·s sizingayambitse imfa chifukwa cha magetsi, zingayambitsenso munthu wogwidwa ndi magetsi kutaya chidziwitso kapena kuvulaza kwachiwiri. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito 30 mAs monga momwe chipangizo chotetezera kugwedezeka kwamagetsi chimagwirira ntchito ndikoyenera kwambiri pankhani ya chitetezo pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi kupanga, ndipo kuli ndi chitetezo cha nthawi 1.67 poyerekeza ndi 50 mAs (K=50/30 =1.67). Kuchokera ku malire achitetezo a "30mA·s" zitha kuwoneka kuti ngakhale mphamvu yamagetsi itafika 100mA, bola ngati choteteza kutayikira chikugwira ntchito mkati mwa 0.3s ndikudula magetsi, thupi la munthu silidzayambitsa ngozi yakupha. Chifukwa chake, malire a 30mA·s nawonso akhala maziko osankha zinthu zoteteza kutayikira.

9. Ndi zipangizo ziti zamagetsi zomwe ziyenera kuyikidwa ndi zoteteza kutayikira kwa madzi?
Yankho: Zipangizo zonse zamagetsi zomwe zili pamalo omangira ziyenera kukhala ndi chipangizo choteteza kutayikira kwa madzi kumapeto kwa mzere wonyamula katundu wa zida, kuwonjezera pa kulumikizidwa ku zero kuti zitetezedwe:
① Zipangizo zonse zamagetsi zomwe zili pamalo omangira ziyenera kukhala ndi zotetezera kutuluka kwa madzi. Chifukwa cha zomangamanga zake, malo okhala ndi chinyezi, kusintha kwa anthu ogwira ntchito, komanso kasamalidwe kofooka ka zida, kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi n'koopsa, ndipo zida zonse zamagetsi ziyenera kuphatikizapo zida zamagetsi ndi zowunikira, zida zoyenda ndi zokhazikika, ndi zina zotero. Ndithudi sizikuphatikizapo zida zoyendetsedwa ndi ma transformer otetezeka amagetsi ndi odzipatula.
②Miyezo yoyambirira yoteteza zeroing (grounding) sinasinthebe monga momwe ikufunikira, yomwe ndi njira yofunikira kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi mosamala ndipo singachotsedwe.
③Choteteza kutayikira kwa madzi chimayikidwa kumapeto kwa mzere wonyamula katundu wa zida zamagetsi. Cholinga chake ndikuteteza zida zamagetsi komanso kuteteza mizere yonyamula katundu kuti tipewe ngozi zamagetsi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa insulation ya chingwe.
10. N’chifukwa chiyani chotetezera kutayikira chimayikidwa chitetezo chikalumikizidwa ku mzere wa zero (grounding)?
Yankho: Kaya chitetezocho chalumikizidwa ndi zero kapena muyeso wa nthaka, chitetezo chake chimakhala chochepa. Mwachitsanzo, "chitetezo cha zero connection" ndi kulumikiza chivundikiro chachitsulo cha zida zamagetsi ku mzere wa zero wa gridi yamagetsi, ndikuyika fuse kumbali yamagetsi. Zipangizo zamagetsi zikakhudza cholakwika cha chipolopolo (gawo limakhudza chipolopolo), dera lalifupi la gawo limodzi la mzere wa zero wokhudzana limapangidwa. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yayikulu yafupikitsa, fuse imaphulika mwachangu ndipo magetsi amatsekedwa kuti atetezedwe. Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito ndikusintha "cholakwika cha chipolopolo" kukhala "cholakwika cha gawo limodzi lafupikitsa", kuti mupeze inshuwaransi yayikulu yafupikitsa yamagetsi. Komabe, zolakwika zamagetsi pamalo omangira sizichitika kawirikawiri, ndipo zolakwika zotuluka nthawi zambiri zimachitika, monga kutayikira komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chinyezi cha zida, katundu wochulukirapo, mizere yayitali, kusungunuka kwa ukalamba, ndi zina zotero. Mitengo yamagetsi otayikirayi ndi yaying'ono, ndipo inshuwaransi singathe kudulidwa mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, kulephera sikudzachotsedwa zokha ndipo kudzakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma mphamvu yotayikirayi imabweretsa chiwopsezo chachikulu ku chitetezo cha munthu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikiranso kukhazikitsa choteteza kutayikira chomwe chili ndi mphamvu zambiri kuti chitetezedwe chowonjezera.
11. Kodi mitundu ya zoteteza kutayikira kwa madzi ndi iti?
Yankho: Choteteza kutayikira kwa madzi chimagawidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti chikwaniritse kusankha kwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi momwe ntchito ikuyendera, chingagawidwe m'magulu a voltage action type ndi current action type; malinga ndi momwe ntchito ikuyendera, pali switch type ndi relay type; malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mizati ndi mizere, pali single-pole two-pole, two-pole, two-pole three-wire ndi zina zotero. Zotsatirazi zimagawidwa malinga ndi momwe ntchito ikuyendera komanso nthawi yochitira: ①Malinga ndi momwe ntchito ikuyendera, ingagawidwe m'magulu awa: High sensitivity: leakage current ili pansi pa 30mA; Medium sensitivity: 30~1000mA; Low sensitivity: pamwamba pa 1000mA. ②Malinga ndi nthawi yochitira, ingagawidwe m'magulu awa: fast type: leakage action time is so than 0.1s; delay type: action time is over 0.1s, mid 0.1-2s; inverse time type: pamene leakage current ikuwonjezeka, leakage action time imachepa Yaing'ono. Pamene mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito yotayira yomwe yayesedwa ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito ndi 0.2 ~ 1s; pamene mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito ndi 1.4 nthawi ya mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito, ndi 0.1, 0.5s; pamene mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito ndi 4.4 nthawi ya mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito, ndi yochepera 0.05s.
12. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa zoteteza kutayikira kwa magetsi ndi zamagetsi?
Yankho: Choteteza kutayikira kwa magetsi chimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: mtundu wamagetsi ndi mtundu wamagetsi malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zotayikira: ①Choteteza kutayikira kwa magetsi cha mtundu wa electromagnetic tripping, ndi chipangizo chotchingira chamagetsi ngati njira yapakati, pamene kutayikira kwa magetsi kumachitika, makinawo amatayikira ndipo magetsi amachotsedwa. Zoyipa za choteteza ichi ndi izi: zofunikira pamtengo wokwera komanso zovuta pakupanga. Ubwino wake ndi wakuti: zigawo zamagetsi zimakhala ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi kusokonezedwa ndi kugwedezeka (kugwedezeka kwamagetsi ndi kugwedezeka kwamagetsi); palibe mphamvu yowonjezera yomwe imafunika; makhalidwe otayikira pambuyo pa zero voltage ndi kulephera kwa gawo sasintha. ②Choteteza kutayikira kwa magetsi chamagetsi chimagwiritsa ntchito transistor amplifier ngati njira yapakati. Kutayikira kukachitika, kumakulitsidwa ndi amplifier kenako kumatumizidwa ku relay, ndipo relay imayang'anira switch kuti ichotse magetsi. Ubwino wa choteteza ichi ndi: kukhudzidwa kwambiri (mpaka 5mA); cholakwika chaching'ono chokhazikitsa, njira yosavuta yopangira komanso mtengo wotsika. Zoyipa zake ndi izi: transistor ili ndi mphamvu yofooka yopirira kugwedezeka ndipo ili ndi kukana koipa kusokonezedwa ndi chilengedwe; imafunika magetsi othandizira (ma amplifier apakompyuta nthawi zambiri amafunikira magetsi a DC opitilira ma volts khumi), kotero kuti mawonekedwe a kutayikira amakhudzidwa ndi kusinthasintha kwa magetsi ogwirira ntchito; pamene dera lalikulu silikugwira ntchito, chitetezo cha choteteza chidzatayika.
13. Kodi ntchito zoteteza za leakage circuit breaker ndi ziti?
Yankho: Choteteza kutayikira ndi chipangizo chomwe chimapereka chitetezo makamaka ngati zida zamagetsi zili ndi vuto la kutayikira. Mukayika choteteza kutayikira, chipangizo china choteteza kutayikira chiyenera kuyikidwa. Pamene fuse ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitetezo cha kutayikira, kusankha kwa zofunikira zake kuyenera kugwirizana ndi mphamvu ya choteteza kutayikira. Pakadali pano, chotchingira kutayikira chomwe chimagwirizanitsa chipangizo choteteza kutayikira ndi switch yamagetsi (chotchingira kutayikira mpweya chokha) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mtundu watsopano wa switch yamagetsi uli ndi ntchito zoteteza kutayikira kutayikira, kuteteza kutayikira kutayikira, kuteteza kutayikira kutayikira ndi chitetezo cha undervoltage. Pakuyika, mawaya amachepetsedwa, kuchuluka kwa bokosi lamagetsi kumachepa ndipo kuyang'anira kumakhala kosavuta. Tanthauzo la chitsanzo cha nameplate cha chotchingira kutayikira kutayikira kutayikira ndi motere: Samalani mukachigwiritsa ntchito, chifukwa chotchingira kutayikira kutayikira kutayikira kutayikira kuli ndi zinthu zambiri zoteteza, pamene kutayikira kumachitika, chifukwa cha vuto chiyenera kudziwika bwino: Pamene chotchingira kutayikira ... Popeza chotseka dera chili ndi chotchingira kutentha ngati chitetezo cha overload, pamene mphamvu yoyesedwa ndi yayikulu kuposa mphamvu yoyesedwa, pepala la bimetallic limapindika kuti lilekanitse zolumikizana, ndipo zolumikizanazo zitha kutsekedwanso pepala la bimetallic litazizidwa mwachilengedwe ndikubwezeretsedwa momwe zinalili poyamba. Ulendowo ukachitika chifukwa cha vuto la kutayikira, chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli chiyenera kudziwika ndipo vutolo lichotsedwe lisanatsegulidwe. Kutseka mokakamiza ndikoletsedwa kwambiri. Chotseka dera chotayikira chikasweka ndikugwedezeka, chogwirira chofanana ndi L chimakhala pakati. Chikatsekedwanso, chogwirira chogwirira ntchito chiyenera kukokedwa poyamba (malo osweka), kuti makina ogwirira ntchito atsekedwenso, kenako nkutsekedwa mmwamba. Chotseka dera chotayikira chingagwiritsidwe ntchito posinthira zida zamagetsi zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu (yoposa 4.5kw) zomwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi m'mizere yamagetsi.
14. Kodi mungasankhe bwanji choteteza kutayikira kwa madzi?
Yankho: Kusankha choteteza kutayikira kuyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi cholinga chogwiritsira ntchito ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito:
Sankhani malinga ndi cholinga chodzitetezera:
①Pofuna kupewa kugwedezeka kwa magetsi. Mukayika kumapeto kwa mzere, sankhani choteteza kutayikira kwa madzi mwachangu komanso chothandiza kwambiri.
②Pa nthambi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi zida zomangira pansi pofuna kupewa kugwedezeka kwa magetsi, gwiritsani ntchito zoteteza kutayikira kwa madzi mwachangu komanso zofooka.
③ Pofuna kupewa moto wobwera chifukwa cha kutayikira kwa madzi ndi zingwe zoteteza, payenera kusankhidwa zoteteza kutayikira kwa madzi zomwe zimathandizira kutayikira kwa madzi pang'ono komanso kuchedwa kwa nthawi.
Sankhani malinga ndi njira yopezera magetsi:
① Mukateteza mizere ya gawo limodzi (zipangizo), gwiritsani ntchito zoteteza kutayikira kwa matabwa awiri kapena awiri okhala ndi matabwa amodzi.
② Mukateteza mizere ya magawo atatu (zipangizo), gwiritsani ntchito zinthu za mitengo itatu.
③ Ngati pali magawo atatu ndi amodzi, gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zitatu zokhala ndi waya anayi kapena zinayi. Posankha chiwerengero cha zipilala za choteteza kutayikira, chiyenera kugwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha mizere ya mzere womwe uyenera kutetezedwa. Chiwerengero cha zipilala za choteteza chimatanthauza chiwerengero cha mawaya omwe angadulidwe ndi ma contact amkati, monga choteteza cha zipilala zitatu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ma contact a switch amatha kudula mawaya atatu. Zoteteza za zipilala ziwiri, zipilala zitatu, ndi zipilala zitatu zonse zili ndi waya wosalowerera womwe umadutsa mwachindunji mu chinthu chozindikira kutayikira popanda kudulidwa. Mzere wopanda ntchito, terminal iyi ndi yoletsedwa kwambiri kulumikizana ndi mzere wa PE. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti choteteza kutayikira kwa zipilala zitatu sichiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zamagetsi za zipilala ziwiri (kapena zipilala zitatu). Sikoyeneranso kugwiritsa ntchito choteteza kutayikira kwa zipilala zinayi pazida zamagetsi za zipilala zitatu. Sikololedwa kusintha choteteza kutayikira kwa zipilala zinayi ndi choteteza kutayikira kwa zipilala zitatu.
15. Malinga ndi zofunikira pakugawa mphamvu m'magawo, bokosi lamagetsi liyenera kukhala ndi malo angati okonzera magetsi?
Yankho: Malo omangira nthawi zambiri amagawidwa motsatira magawo atatu, kotero mabokosi amagetsi ayeneranso kukhazikitsidwa motsatira magulu, kutanthauza kuti, pansi pa bokosi lalikulu logawa, pali bokosi logawa, ndipo bokosi losinthira lili pansi pa bokosi logawa, ndipo zida zamagetsi zili pansi pa bokosi losinthira. . Bokosi logawa ndiye cholumikizira chapakati cha kutumiza ndi kugawa kwa mphamvu pakati pa gwero lamagetsi ndi zida zamagetsi mu dongosolo logawa. Ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pogawa mphamvu. Magawo onse ogawa amachitidwa kudzera mu bokosi logawa. Bokosi lalikulu logawa limayang'anira kugawa kwa dongosolo lonse, ndipo bokosi logawa limayang'anira kugawa kwa nthambi iliyonse. Bokosi losinthira ndiye mapeto a dongosolo logawa mphamvu, ndipo pansi pake pali zida zamagetsi. Zipangizo zamagetsi zilizonse zimayendetsedwa ndi bokosi lake losinthira lodzipereka, ndikuyika makina amodzi ndi chipata chimodzi. Musagwiritse ntchito bokosi limodzi losinthira pazida zingapo kuti mupewe ngozi zogwiritsa ntchito molakwika; komanso musaphatikize mphamvu ndi kulamulira kwa kuwala mu bokosi limodzi losinthira kuti kuwala kusakhudzidwe ndi kulephera kwa chingwe chamagetsi. Gawo lapamwamba la bokosi losinthira magetsi limalumikizidwa ndi magetsi ndipo gawo lapansi limalumikizidwa ndi zida zamagetsi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri komanso zoopsa, ndipo ziyenera kusamalidwa. Kusankha zida zamagetsi mu bokosi lamagetsi kuyenera kusinthidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi dera ndi zida zamagetsi. Kukhazikitsa bokosi lamagetsi kuli koyima komanso kolimba, ndipo pali malo ogwirira ntchito mozungulira. Palibe madzi oyima kapena malo ouma pansi, ndipo palibe gwero la kutentha ndi kugwedezeka pafupi. Bokosi lamagetsi liyenera kukhala losagwa mvula komanso losagwa fumbi. Bokosi losinthira magetsi liyenera kukhala losagwa mvula kuposa mamita atatu kuchokera pazida zokhazikika kuti ziwongoleredwe.
16. N’chifukwa chiyani muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo choyezedwa?
Yankho: Chifukwa magetsi otsika ndi kugawa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kugawa kwa mphamvu kokhazikika. Ngati choteteza kutuluka kwa magetsi chimayikidwa kumapeto kwa mzere (mu bokosi losinthira), ngakhale kuti mzere wolakwika ukhoza kuchotsedwa pamene kutuluka kwa magetsi kukuchitika, mtundu woteteza ndi wochepa; momwemonso, ngati mzere wa nthambi (mu bokosi logawa) kapena mzere wa thunthu (bokosi lalikulu logawa) wayikidwa. Ikani choteteza kutuluka kwa magetsi, ngakhale kuti mtundu woteteza ndi waukulu, ngati zida zina zamagetsi zikutuluka ndi kugwedezeka, zidzapangitsa kuti dongosolo lonse litaye mphamvu, zomwe sizimangokhudza kugwira ntchito kwabwinobwino kwa zida zopanda vuto, komanso zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza ngozi. Mwachionekere, njira zotetezerazi sizokwanira. Chifukwa chake, zofunikira zosiyanasiyana monga mzere ndi katundu ziyenera kulumikizidwa, ndipo zoteteza zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a kutayikira kwa magetsi ziyenera kuyikidwa pamzere waukulu wamagetsi otsika, mzere wa nthambi ndi kumapeto kwa mzere kuti zipange netiweki yoteteza kutuluka kwa magetsi yokhazikika. Pankhani yoteteza kutuluka kwa magetsi, mitundu yoteteza yomwe yasankhidwa pamlingo uliwonse iyenera kugwirizana kuti iwonetsetse kuti choteteza kutuluka kwa magetsi sichidutsa zomwe zikuchitika pamene vuto la kutuluka kwa magetsi kapena ngozi yamagetsi yaumwini ichitika kumapeto; Nthawi yomweyo, pamafunika kuti choteteza chapansi chikalephera, choteteza chapamwamba chichitepo kanthu kuti chithetse choteteza chapansi. Kulephera mwangozi. Kukhazikitsa chitetezo chokhazikika kumathandiza kuti chipangizo chilichonse chamagetsi chikhale ndi njira zotetezera kutayikira kwa madzi zopitilira ziwiri, zomwe sizimangopanga malo otetezeka ogwirira ntchito zamagetsi kumapeto kwa mizere yonse ya gridi yamagetsi yotsika, komanso zimapereka kulumikizana kambiri mwachindunji komanso mwachindunji kuti munthu akhale otetezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, zitha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuzima kwa magetsi pakachitika vuto, ndipo ndizosavuta kupeza ndikupeza malo olakwika, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri pakukweza kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi moyenera, kuchepetsa ngozi zamagetsi, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito ikuyenda bwino.